卷八十五 穀永杜鄴傳第五十五(1 / 3)

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 卷八十五穀永杜鄴傳第五十五

穀永,字子雲,長安人。穀永的父親穀吉,擔任過衛司馬,曾經奉詔出使,送郅支單於在長安的兒子返回匈奴,被郅支單於殺害(詳情記載在《陳湯傳》中)。穀永在年輕時擔任過長安縣的小官吏,後來鑽研經學。元帝建昭年間(公元前38-前34年),禦史大夫繁延壽聽說穀永是一位人才,將穀永召為屬下,後來又舉薦穀永擔任太常丞,穀永多次上書朝廷,諫言得失。

成帝建始三年(公元前30年)冬天,在同一天內,發生日食和地震,成帝詔命,舉薦敢於諫言的方正士人,太常陽城侯劉慶忌舉薦了穀永,穀永在公車署待詔。回答皇帝策問,穀永說:

陛下秉持至聖仁德,畏懼天地的告誡,謹慎地處理朝政,虛心地接受諫言,又頒下明詔,舉薦敢於直言的士人,抽出時間來與他們交談,探詢災異發生的原因,臣等得以在朝中回答聖上策問。臣才識疏淺,不通政事。隻是聽說明主在位,需要端正貌、言、視、聽、思五事,以作為處理政事的基本原則,朝廷在施政時要符合天意,人世間的吉祥嘉瑞才會相繼出現,日月在天空中運行才會有序;如果君王沉溺於後宮,遊獵於田野,將五事拋棄於腦後,處理政事時荒嬉懈怠,災異即會不斷地降臨,夭折,疾病,憂慮,貧窮,惡行,羸弱,六種不祥的災異也會相繼地出現。災異出現時,首先會顯示出異兆,以此來警示世人。十二月初一戊申時,日食在婺女宿分界處出現,宮中感受到地震,二者在同一天發生,這是在警示陛下,距離災禍不遠了,要從身邊來查找原因。上天警示陛下,是否過多地沉溺於女色,荒廢了政事,處理朝政的方式,是否還有不妥之處,是否還有不公正的地方?是否宮中的內寵太盛,後宮中的婦人是否不守婦道,妒嫉專寵,妨礙了皇位繼承人的誕生?古時候君王假若廢棄五事,不顧及夫婦間應該遵循的綱常禮儀,讓妻妾過於得意,讓後宮的婦女有求必應,甚至於將權勢影響至宮外,如此,國家即會遭受禍殃,陰陽即會出現錯亂。上古時的褒姒受寵於周幽王,西周因此而被顛覆;周厲王寵幸閻妻,後宮嬌寵日盛,日食在當時頻繁出現。這是上天在對君王提出警告。《尚書·周書·洪範》中講:“君王執政,要以中正為原則。”還說:“原則不確立,就沒有標準,日月運行就會出現妄行。”

陛下登上帝位,是天下最尊貴的君主,帝王掌控著權柄,統率萬民,國內政治的好壞,在於陛下執政的結果。陛下應該謹慎,注重自身修養,認真地處理朝政,減少閨房中的淫樂,專注於國家大事,放棄淫逸的享受,遠離倡優的笑聲,杜絕不當的行為,減少微服出行,起居有常,遵循禮儀,親自處理政事,持之以恒,凝神靜氣。《尚書·周書》中講:“繼承王位的君主,不能飲酒過度,不能肆意遊獵,要嚴格地要求自己。”君主能夠修身正己,臣下則不敢胡作非為。

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